Stage of formal operations represents the culmination of a child's cognitive development. In this stage, adolescents develop the ability to think abstractly and reason hypothetically. They are no longer limited to concrete, tangible concepts and can conceptualize ideas and possibilities that extend beyond their immediate experience. This stage is characterized by the emergence of deductive reasoning, where adolescents can develop hypotheses and systematically test them. They start to think about theoretical possibilities and can understand abstract concepts like justice, love, and free will. Their problem-solving abilities become more systematic and logical, including the ability to consider multiple variables and potential outcomes. Adolescents in the formal operational stage also exhibit metacognition – the ability to think about their own thought processes. This self-reflection enables them to analyze their reasoning and the conclusions they reach, enhancing their ability to learn and adapt.